Articles | Volume 10, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4005-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4005-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Model experiment description paper
| 
07 Nov 2017
Model experiment description paper |
| 07 Nov 2017
The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 3: The last millennium, scientific objective, and experimental design for the PMIP4 past1000 simulations
Johann H. Jungclaus
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Max Planck Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany
Edouard Bard
CEREGE, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, College de France,
Technopole de l'Arbois, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
Mélanie Baroni
CEREGE, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, College de France,
Technopole de l'Arbois, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
Pascale Braconnot
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL,
CEA – CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Jian Cao
Earth System Modeling Center, Nanjing University of Information
Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Louise P. Chini
Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College
Park, MD 20742, USA
Tania Egorova
Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos and World Radiation
Center (PMOD/WRC), Davos, Switzerland
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Michael Evans
Dept. of Geology and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center,
University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
J. Fidel González-Rouco
Dept. of Astrophysics and Atmospheric Sciences, IGEO (UCM-CSIC),
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Hugues Goosse
ELI/TECLIM, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
George C. Hurtt
Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College
Park, MD 20742, USA
Fortunat Joos
Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger
Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Jed O. Kaplan
Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne,
Lausanne,
Switzerland
Myriam Khodri
Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climate, Sorbonne
Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, IPSL, UMR CNRS/IRD/MNHN,
75005 Paris, France
Kees Klein Goldewijk
Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University,
Utrecht, the Netherlands
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Hague/Bilthoven,
the Netherlands
Natalie Krivova
Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Göttingen,
Germany
Allegra N. LeGrande
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York,
USA
Stephan J. Lorenz
Max Planck Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany
Jürg Luterbacher
Department of Geography, Climatology, Climate Dynamics and Climate
Change, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
Centre for International Development and Environmental Research,
Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
Wenmin Man
LASG
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Amanda C. Maycock
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Malte Meinshausen
Australian-German Climate & Energy College, the University of
Melbourne, Australia
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
Anders Moberg
Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate
Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Raimund Muscheler
Department of Geology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles
Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger
Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Bette I. Otto-Bliesner
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305,
USA
Steven J. Phipps
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania,
Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Julia Pongratz
Max Planck Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany
Eugene Rozanov
Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos and World Radiation
Center (PMOD/WRC), Davos, Switzerland
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Gavin A. Schmidt
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York,
USA
Hauke Schmidt
Max Planck Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany
Werner Schmutz
Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos and World Radiation
Center (PMOD/WRC), Davos, Switzerland
Andrew Schurer
GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Alexander I. Shapiro
Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Göttingen,
Germany
Michael Sigl
Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232
Villigen, Switzerland
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012
Bern, Switzerland
Jason E. Smerdon
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades,
NY, USA
Sami K. Solanki
Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Göttingen,
Germany
Claudia Timmreck
Max Planck Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany
Matthew Toohey
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Ilya G. Usoskin
Space Climate Research Group and Sodankylä Geophysical
Observatory, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Sebastian Wagner
Institute for Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht,
Geesthacht, Germany
Chi-Ju Wu
Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Göttingen,
Germany
Kok Leng Yeo
Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Göttingen,
Germany
Davide Zanchettin
Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics,
University of Venice, Mestre, Italy
Qiong Zhang
Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate
Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Eduardo Zorita
Institute for Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht,
Geesthacht, Germany
Data sets
WCRP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) World Climate Research Programme http://www.wcrp-climate.org/index.php/wgcm-cmip/about-cmip
Solar forcing data sets PMIP4 past1000 https://pmip4.lsce.ipsl.fr/doku.php/exp_design:lm
Volcanic stratospheric sulphur injections and aerosol optical depth from 500 BCE to 1900 CE (https://cera-www.dkrz.de/WDCC/ui/Compact.jsp?acronym=eVolv2k_v2) M. Toohey and M. Sigl https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2017-31
Supplement of Easy Volcanic Aerosol (EVA v1.0): an idealized forcing generator for climate simulations M. Toohey, B. Stevens, H. Schmidt, and C. Timmreck https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4049-2016
PMIP4 PMOD_14C solar forcing data, Mendeley Data, v1 E. Rozanov https://doi.org/10.17632/99btkc93yr.1
SATIRE-M reconstruction of spectral solar irradiance over the Holocene C.-J. Wu https://doi.org/10.17617/3.11
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Short summary
Climate model simulations covering the last millennium provide context for the evolution of the modern climate and for the expected changes during the coming centuries. They can help identify plausible mechanisms underlying palaeoclimatic reconstructions. Here, we describe the forcing boundary conditions and the experimental protocol for simulations covering the pre-industrial millennium. We describe the PMIP4 past1000 simulations as contributions to CMIP6 and additional sensitivity experiments.
Climate model simulations covering the last millennium provide context for the evolution of the...
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