Articles | Volume 11, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-3347-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-3347-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Development and technical paper
| 
21 Aug 2018
Development and technical paper |
| 21 Aug 2018
| 21 Aug 2018
Implementation of a simple thermodynamic sea ice scheme, SICE version 1.0-38h1, within the ALADIN–HIRLAM numerical weather prediction system version 38h1
Development Centre for Weather Forecasting, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
Ekaterina Kourzeneva
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Mariken Homleid
Development Centre for Weather Forecasting, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
Related authors
Yurii Batrak, Bin Cheng, and Viivi Kallio-Myers
The Cryosphere, 18, 1157–1183, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1157-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1157-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric reanalyses provide consistent series of atmospheric and surface parameters in a convenient gridded form. In this paper, we study the quality of sea ice in a recently released regional reanalysis and assess its added value compared to a global reanalysis. We show that the regional reanalysis, having a more complex sea ice model, gives an improved representation of sea ice, although there are limitations indicating potential benefits in using more advanced approaches in the future.
Victoria Anne Sinclair, Jenna Ritvanen, Gabin Urbancic, Irina Statnaia, Yurii Batrak, Dmitri Moisseev, and Mona Kurppa
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 3075–3103, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3075-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3075-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the boundary-layer (BL) height and surface stability in southern Finland using radiosondes, a microwave radiometer and ERA5 reanalysis. Accurately quantifying the BL height is challenging, and the diagnosed BL height can depend strongly on the method used. Microwave radiometers provide reliable estimates of the BL height but only in unstable conditions. ERA5 captures the BL height well except under very stable conditions, which occur most commonly at night during the warm season.
Danijel Belušić, Hylke de Vries, Andreas Dobler, Oskar Landgren, Petter Lind, David Lindstedt, Rasmus A. Pedersen, Juan Carlos Sánchez-Perrino, Erika Toivonen, Bert van Ulft, Fuxing Wang, Ulf Andrae, Yurii Batrak, Erik Kjellström, Geert Lenderink, Grigory Nikulin, Joni-Pekka Pietikäinen, Ernesto Rodríguez-Camino, Patrick Samuelsson, Erik van Meijgaard, and Minchao Wu
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 1311–1333, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-1311-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-1311-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A new regional climate modelling system, HCLIM38, is presented and shown to be applicable in different regions ranging from the tropics to the Arctic. The main focus is on climate simulations at horizontal resolutions between 1 and 4 km, the so-called convection-permitting scales, even though the model can also be used at coarser resolutions. The benefits of simulating climate at convection-permitting scales are shown and are particularly evident for climate extremes.
Yurii Batrak, Bin Cheng, and Viivi Kallio-Myers
The Cryosphere, 18, 1157–1183, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1157-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1157-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric reanalyses provide consistent series of atmospheric and surface parameters in a convenient gridded form. In this paper, we study the quality of sea ice in a recently released regional reanalysis and assess its added value compared to a global reanalysis. We show that the regional reanalysis, having a more complex sea ice model, gives an improved representation of sea ice, although there are limitations indicating potential benefits in using more advanced approaches in the future.
Victoria Anne Sinclair, Jenna Ritvanen, Gabin Urbancic, Irina Statnaia, Yurii Batrak, Dmitri Moisseev, and Mona Kurppa
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 3075–3103, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3075-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3075-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the boundary-layer (BL) height and surface stability in southern Finland using radiosondes, a microwave radiometer and ERA5 reanalysis. Accurately quantifying the BL height is challenging, and the diagnosed BL height can depend strongly on the method used. Microwave radiometers provide reliable estimates of the BL height but only in unstable conditions. ERA5 captures the BL height well except under very stable conditions, which occur most commonly at night during the warm season.
Elena Shevnina, Ekaterina Kourzeneva, Yury Dvornikov, and Irina Fedorova
The Cryosphere, 15, 2667–2682, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2667-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2667-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctica consists mostly of frozen water, and it makes the continent sensitive to warming due to enhancing a transition/exchange of water from solid (ice and snow) to liquid (lakes and rivers) form. Therefore, it is important to know how fast water is exchanged in the Antarctic lakes. The study gives first estimates of scales for water exchange for five lakes located in the Larsemann Hills oasis. Two methods are suggested to evaluate the timescale for the lakes depending on their type.
Danijel Belušić, Hylke de Vries, Andreas Dobler, Oskar Landgren, Petter Lind, David Lindstedt, Rasmus A. Pedersen, Juan Carlos Sánchez-Perrino, Erika Toivonen, Bert van Ulft, Fuxing Wang, Ulf Andrae, Yurii Batrak, Erik Kjellström, Geert Lenderink, Grigory Nikulin, Joni-Pekka Pietikäinen, Ernesto Rodríguez-Camino, Patrick Samuelsson, Erik van Meijgaard, and Minchao Wu
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 1311–1333, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-1311-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-1311-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A new regional climate modelling system, HCLIM38, is presented and shown to be applicable in different regions ranging from the tropics to the Arctic. The main focus is on climate simulations at horizontal resolutions between 1 and 4 km, the so-called convection-permitting scales, even though the model can also be used at coarser resolutions. The benefits of simulating climate at convection-permitting scales are shown and are particularly evident for climate extremes.
Margarita Choulga, Ekaterina Kourzeneva, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Souhail Boussetta, and Nils Wedi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4051–4076, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4051-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4051-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Lakes influence weather and climate of regions, especially if several of them are located close by. Just by using upgraded lake depths, based on new or more recent measurements and geological methods of depth estimation, errors of lake surface water forecasts produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts became 12–20 % lower compared with observations for 27 lakes collected by the Finnish Environment Institute. For ice-off date forecasts errors changed insignificantly.
Olga Toptunova, Margarita Choulga, and Ekaterina Kurzeneva
Adv. Sci. Res., 16, 57–61, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-16-57-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-16-57-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Lakes affect local weather and climate. This influence should be taken into account in NWP models through parameterization. For the atmospheric simulation, global coverage of lake depth data is essential. To provide such data Global Lake Database (GLDB) has been created. More than 3 thousand in-situ lake depths all over the globe have been added. However over 83 % of newly added data have not been found on global ecosystem map ECOCLIMAP2.
Related subject area
Atmospheric sciences
MEXPLORER 1.0.0 – a mechanism explorer for analysis and visualization of chemical reaction pathways based on graph theory
Advances and prospects of deep learning for medium-range extreme weather forecasting
An overview of the Western United States Dynamically Downscaled Dataset (WUS-D3)
cloudbandPy 1.0: an automated algorithm for the detection of tropical–extratropical cloud bands
PyRTlib: an educational Python-based library for non-scattering atmospheric microwave radiative transfer computations
Deep learning applied to CO2 power plant emissions quantification using simulated satellite images
Sensitivity of the WRF-Chem v4.4 simulations of ozone and formaldehyde and their precursors to multiple bottom-up emission inventories over East Asia during the KORUS-AQ 2016 field campaign
Optimising urban measurement networks for CO2 flux estimation: a high-resolution observing system simulation experiment using GRAMM/GRAL
Assessment of climate biases in OpenIFS version 43r3 across model horizontal resolutions and time steps
High-resolution multi-scaling of outdoor human thermal comfort and its intra-urban variability based on machine learning
Effects of vertical grid spacing on the climate simulated in the ICON-Sapphire global storm-resolving model
Development of the tangent linear and adjoint models of the global online chemical transport model MPAS-CO2 v7.3
Impacts of updated reaction kinetics on the global GEOS-Chem simulation of atmospheric chemistry
Spatial spin-up of precipitation in limited-area convection-permitting simulations over North America using the CRCM6/GEM5.0 model
Sensitivity of atmospheric rivers to aerosol treatment in regional climate simulations: insights from the AIRA identification algorithm
The implementation of dust mineralogy in COSMO5.05-MUSCAT
Implementation of the ISORROPIA-lite aerosol thermodynamics model into the EMAC chemistry climate model (based on MESSy v2.55): implications for aerosol composition and acidity
Evaluation of surface shortwave downward radiation forecasts by the numerical weather prediction model AROME
GEO4PALM v1.1: an open-source geospatial data processing toolkit for the PALM model system
Modeling collision–coalescence in particle microphysics: numerical convergence of mean and variance of precipitation in cloud simulations using the University of Warsaw Lagrangian Cloud Model (UWLCM) 2.1
Modeling below-cloud scavenging of size-resolved particles in GEM-MACHv3.1
Impacts of a double-moment bulk cloud microphysics scheme (NDW6-G23) on aerosol fields in NICAM.19 with a global 14 km grid resolution
Sensitivity of air quality model responses to emission changes: comparison of results based on four EU inventories through FAIRMODE benchmarking methodology
A simple and realistic aerosol emission approach for use in the Thompson–Eidhammer microphysics scheme in the NOAA UFS Weather Model (version GSL global-24Feb2022)
On the formation of biogenic secondary organic aerosol in chemical transport models: an evaluation of the WRF-CHIMERE (v2020r2) model with a focus over the Finnish boreal forest
The first application of a numerically exact, higher-order sensitivity analysis approach for atmospheric modelling: implementation of the hyperdual-step method in the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) version 5.3.2
GAN-argcPredNet v2.0: a radar echo extrapolation model based on spatiotemporal process enhancement
Analysis of the GEFS-Aerosols annual budget to better understand aerosol predictions simulated in the model
A model for rapid PM2.5 exposure estimates in wildfire conditions using routinely available data: rapidfire v0.1.3
BoundaryLayerDynamics.jl v1.0: a modern codebase for atmospheric boundary-layer simulations
The wave-age-dependent stress parameterisation (WASP) for momentum and heat turbulent fluxes at sea in SURFEX v8.1
FUME 2.0 – Flexible Universal processor for Modeling Emissions
Application of regional meteorology and air quality models based on MIPS CPU Platform
Spherical air mass factors in one and two dimensions with SASKTRAN 1.6.0
An improved version of the piecewise parabolic method advection scheme: description and performance assessment in a bidimensional test case with stiff chemistry in toyCTM v1.0.1
INCHEM-Py v1.2: a community box model for indoor air chemistry
Implementation and evaluation of updated photolysis rates in the EMEP MSC-W chemistry-transport model using Cloud-J v7.3e
Representation of atmosphere-induced heterogeneity in land–atmosphere interactions in E3SM–MMFv2
How the meteorological spectral nudging impacts on aerosol radiation clouds interactions?
Assimilation of GNSS Tropospheric Gradients into the Weather Research and Forecasting Model Version 4.4.1
A global grid model for the estimation of zenith tropospheric delay considering the variations at different altitudes
Data assimilation for the Model for Prediction Across Scales – Atmosphere with the Joint Effort for Data assimilation Integration (JEDI-MPAS 2.0.0-beta): ensemble of 3D ensemble-variational (En-3DEnVar) assimilations
A Grid Model for Vertical Correction of Precipitable Water Vapor over the Chinese Mainland and Surrounding Areas Using Random Forest
Simulations of 7Be and 10Be with the GEOS-Chem global model v14.0.2 using state-of-the-art production rates
Comprehensive evaluation of typical planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterization schemes in China – Part 2: Influence of uncertainty factors
A mountain-induced moist baroclinic wave test case for the dynamical cores of atmospheric general circulation models
The effect of emission source chemical profiles on simulated PM2.5 components: sensitivity analysis with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system version 5.0.2
Balloon drift estimation and improved position estimates for radiosondes
Challenges of constructing and selecting the "perfect" initial and boundary conditions for the LES model PALM
Implementation and evaluation of diabatic advection in the Lagrangian transport model MPTRAC 2.6
Rolf Sander
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2419–2425, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2419-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2419-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The open-source software MEXPLORER 1.0.0 is presented here. The program can be used to analyze, reduce, and visualize complex chemical reaction mechanisms. The mathematics behind the tool is based on graph theory: chemical species are represented as vertices, and reactions as edges. MEXPLORER is a community model published under the GNU General Public License.
Leonardo Olivetti and Gabriele Messori
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2347–2358, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2347-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2347-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the last decades, weather forecasting up to 15 d into the future has been dominated by physics-based numerical models. Recently, deep learning models have challenged this paradigm. However, the latter models may struggle when forecasting weather extremes. In this article, we argue for deep learning models specifically designed to handle extreme events, and we propose a foundational framework to develop such models.
Stefan Rahimi, Lei Huang, Jesse Norris, Alex Hall, Naomi Goldenson, Will Krantz, Benjamin Bass, Chad Thackeray, Henry Lin, Di Chen, Eli Dennis, Ethan Collins, Zachary J. Lebo, Emily Slinskey, Sara Graves, Surabhi Biyani, Bowen Wang, Stephen Cropper, and the UCLA Center for Climate Science Team
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2265–2286, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2265-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2265-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Here, we project future climate across the western United States through the end of the 21st century using a regional climate model, embedded within 16 latest-generation global climate models, to provide the community with a high-resolution physically based ensemble of climate data for use at local scales. Strengths and weaknesses of the data are frankly discussed as we overview the downscaled dataset.
Romain Pilon and Daniela I. V. Domeisen
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2247–2264, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2247-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2247-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces a new method for detecting atmospheric cloud bands to identify long convective cloud bands that extend from the tropics to the midlatitudes. The algorithm allows for easy use and enables researchers to study the life cycle and climatology of cloud bands and associated rainfall. This method provides insights into the large-scale processes involved in cloud band formation and their connections between different regions, as well as differences across ocean basins.
Salvatore Larosa, Domenico Cimini, Donatello Gallucci, Saverio Teodosio Nilo, and Filomena Romano
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2053–2076, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2053-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2053-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
PyRTlib is an attractive educational tool because it provides a flexible and user-friendly way to broadly simulate how electromagnetic radiation travels through the atmosphere as it interacts with atmospheric constituents (such as gases, aerosols, and hydrometeors). PyRTlib is a so-called radiative transfer model; these are commonly used to simulate and understand remote sensing observations from ground-based, airborne, or satellite instruments.
Joffrey Dumont Le Brazidec, Pierre Vanderbecken, Alban Farchi, Grégoire Broquet, Gerrit Kuhlmann, and Marc Bocquet
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1995–2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1995-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1995-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research presents an innovative approach to estimating power plant CO2 emissions from satellite images of the corresponding plumes such as those from the forthcoming CO2M satellite constellation. The exploitation of these images is challenging due to noise and meteorological uncertainties. To overcome these obstacles, we use a deep learning neural network trained on simulated CO2 images. Our method outperforms alternatives, providing a positive perspective for the analysis of CO2M images.
Kyoung-Min Kim, Si-Wan Kim, Seunghwan Seo, Donald R. Blake, Seogju Cho, James H. Crawford, Louisa K. Emmons, Alan Fried, Jay R. Herman, Jinkyu Hong, Jinsang Jung, Gabriele G. Pfister, Andrew J. Weinheimer, Jung-Hun Woo, and Qiang Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1931–1955, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1931-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1931-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Three emission inventories were evaluated for East Asia using data acquired during a field campaign in 2016. The inventories successfully reproduced the daily variations of ozone and nitrogen dioxide. However, the spatial distributions of model ozone did not fully agree with the observations. Additionally, all simulations underestimated carbon monoxide and volatile organic compound (VOC) levels. Increasing VOC emissions over South Korea resulted in improved ozone simulations.
Sanam Noreen Vardag and Robert Maiwald
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1885–1902, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1885-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1885-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use the atmospheric transport model GRAMM/GRAL in a Bayesian inversion to estimate urban CO2 emissions on a neighbourhood scale. We analyse the effect of varying number, precision and location of CO2 sensors for CO2 flux estimation. We further test the inclusion of co-emitted species and correlation in the inversion. The study showcases the general usefulness of GRAMM/GRAL in measurement network design.
Abhishek Savita, Joakim Kjellsson, Robin Pilch Kedzierski, Mojib Latif, Tabea Rahm, Sebastian Wahl, and Wonsun Park
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1813–1829, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1813-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1813-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The OpenIFS model is used to examine the impact of horizontal resolutions (HR) and model time steps. We find that the surface wind biases over the oceans, in particular the Southern Ocean, are sensitive to the model time step and HR, with the HR having the smallest biases. When using a coarse-resolution model with a shorter time step, a similar improvement is also found. Climate biases can be reduced in the OpenIFS model at a cheaper cost by reducing the time step rather than increasing the HR.
Ferdinand Briegel, Jonas Wehrle, Dirk Schindler, and Andreas Christen
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1667–1688, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1667-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1667-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new approach to model heat stress in cities using artificial intelligence (AI). We show that the AI model is fast in terms of prediction but accurate when evaluated with measurements. The fast-predictive AI model enables several new potential applications, including heat stress prediction and warning; downscaling of potential future climates; evaluation of adaptation effectiveness; and, more fundamentally, development of guidelines to support urban planning and policymaking.
Hauke Schmidt, Sebastian Rast, Jiawei Bao, Amrit Cassim, Shih-Wei Fang, Diego Jimenez-de la Cuesta, Paul Keil, Lukas Kluft, Clarissa Kroll, Theresa Lang, Ulrike Niemeier, Andrea Schneidereit, Andrew I. L. Williams, and Bjorn Stevens
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1563–1584, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1563-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1563-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A recent development in numerical simulations of the global atmosphere is the increase in horizontal resolution to grid spacings of a few kilometers. However, the vertical grid spacing of these models has not been reduced at the same rate as the horizontal grid spacing. Here, we assess the effects of much finer vertical grid spacings, in particular the impacts on cloud quantities and the atmospheric energy balance.
Tao Zheng, Sha Feng, Jeffrey Steward, Xiaoxu Tian, David Baker, and Martin Baxter
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1543–1562, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1543-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1543-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The tangent linear and adjoint models have been successfully implemented in the MPAS-CO2 system, which has undergone rigorous accuracy testing. This development lays the groundwork for a global carbon flux data assimilation system, which offers the flexibility of high-resolution focus on specific areas, while maintaining a coarser resolution elsewhere. This approach significantly reduces computational costs and is thus perfectly suited for future CO2 geostationery and imager satellites.
Kelvin H. Bates, Mathew J. Evans, Barron H. Henderson, and Daniel J. Jacob
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1511–1524, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1511-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1511-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate representation of rates and products of chemical reactions in atmospheric models is crucial for simulating concentrations of pollutants and climate forcers. We update the widely used GEOS-Chem atmospheric chemistry model with reaction parameters from recent compilations of experimental data and demonstrate the implications for key atmospheric chemical species. The updates decrease tropospheric CO mixing ratios and increase stratospheric nitrogen oxide mixing ratios, among other changes.
François Roberge, Alejandro Di Luca, René Laprise, Philippe Lucas-Picher, and Julie Thériault
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1497–1510, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1497-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1497-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study addresses a challenge in dynamical downscaling using regional climate models, focusing on the lack of small-scale features near the boundaries. We introduce a method to identify this “spatial spin-up” in precipitation simulations. Results show spin-up distances up to 300 km, varying by season and driving variable. Double nesting with comprehensive variables (e.g. microphysical variables) offers advantages. Findings will help optimize simulations for better climate projections.
Eloisa Raluy-López, Juan Pedro Montávez, and Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1469–1495, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1469-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1469-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric rivers (ARs) represent a significant source of water but are also related to extreme precipitation events. Here, we present a new regional-scale AR identification algorithm and apply it to three simulations that include aerosol interactions at different levels. The results show that aerosols modify the intensity and trajectory of ARs and redistribute the AR-related precipitation. Thus, the correct inclusion of aerosol effects is important in the simulation of AR behavior.
Sofía Gómez Maqueo Anaya, Dietrich Althausen, Matthias Faust, Holger Baars, Bernd Heinold, Julian Hofer, Ina Tegen, Albert Ansmann, Ronny Engelmann, Annett Skupin, Birgit Heese, and Kerstin Schepanski
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1271–1295, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1271-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1271-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mineral dust aerosol particles vary greatly in their composition depending on source region, which leads to different physicochemical properties. Most atmosphere–aerosol models consider mineral dust aerosols to be compositionally homogeneous, which ultimately increases model uncertainty. Here, we present an approach to explicitly consider the heterogeneity of the mineralogical composition for simulations of the Saharan atmospheric dust cycle with regard to dust transport towards the Atlantic.
Alexandros Milousis, Alexandra P. Tsimpidi, Holger Tost, Spyros N. Pandis, Athanasios Nenes, Astrid Kiendler-Scharr, and Vlassis A. Karydis
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1111–1131, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1111-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1111-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to evaluate the newly developed ISORROPIA-lite aerosol thermodynamic module within the EMAC model and explore discrepancies in global atmospheric simulations of aerosol composition and acidity by utilizing different aerosol phase states. Even though local differences were found in regions where the RH ranged from 20 % to 60 %, on a global scale the results are similar. Therefore, ISORROPIA-lite can be a reliable and computationally effective alternative to ISORROPIA II in EMAC.
Marie-Adèle Magnaldo, Quentin Libois, Sébastien Riette, and Christine Lac
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1091–1109, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1091-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1091-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
With the worldwide development of the solar energy sector, the need for reliable solar radiation forecasts has significantly increased. However, meteorological models that predict, among others things, solar radiation have errors. Therefore, we wanted to know in which situtaions these errors are most significant. We found that errors mostly occur in cloudy situations, and different errors were highlighted depending on the cloud altitude. Several potential sources of errors were identified.
Dongqi Lin, Jiawei Zhang, Basit Khan, Marwan Katurji, and Laura E. Revell
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 815–845, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-815-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-815-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
GEO4PALM is an open-source tool to generate static input for the Parallelized Large-Eddy Simulation (PALM) model system. Geospatial static input is essential for realistic PALM simulations. However, existing tools fail to generate PALM's geospatial static input for most regions. GEO4PALM is compatible with diverse geospatial data sources and provides access to free data sets. In addition, this paper presents two application examples, which show successful PALM simulations using GEO4PALM.
Piotr Zmijewski, Piotr Dziekan, and Hanna Pawlowska
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 759–780, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-759-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-759-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In computer simulations of clouds it is necessary to model the myriad of droplets that constitute a cloud. A popular method for this is to use so-called super-droplets (SDs), each representing many real droplets. It has remained a challenge to model collisions of SDs. We study how precipitation in a cumulus cloud depends on the number of SDs. Surprisingly, we do not find convergence in mean precipitation even for numbers of SDs much larger than typically used in simulations.
Roya Ghahreman, Wanmin Gong, Paul A. Makar, Alexandru Lupu, Amanda Cole, Kulbir Banwait, Colin Lee, and Ayodeji Akingunola
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 685–707, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-685-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-685-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The article explores the impact of different representations of below-cloud scavenging on model biases. A new scavenging scheme and precipitation-phase partitioning improve the model's performance, with better SO42- scavenging and wet deposition of NO3- and NH4+.
Daisuke Goto, Tatsuya Seiki, Kentaroh Suzuki, Hisashi Yashiro, and Toshihiko Takemura
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 651–684, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-651-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-651-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Global climate models with coarse grid sizes include uncertainties about the processes in aerosol–cloud–precipitation interactions. To reduce these uncertainties, here we performed numerical simulations using a new version of our global aerosol transport model with a finer grid size over a longer period than in our previous study. As a result, we found that the cloud microphysics module influences the aerosol distributions through both aerosol wet deposition and aerosol–cloud interactions.
Alexander de Meij, Cornelis Cuvelier, Philippe Thunis, Enrico Pisoni, and Bertrand Bessagnet
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 587–606, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-587-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-587-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In our study the robustness of the model responses to emission reductions in the EU is assessed when the emission data are changed. Our findings are particularly important to better understand the uncertainties associated to the emission inventories and how these uncertainties impact the level of accuracy of the resulting air quality modelling, which is a key for designing air quality plans. Also crucial is the choice of indicator to avoid misleading interpretations of the results.
Haiqin Li, Georg A. Grell, Ravan Ahmadov, Li Zhang, Shan Sun, Jordan Schnell, and Ning Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 607–619, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-607-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-607-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a simple and realistic method to provide aerosol emissions for aerosol-aware microphysics in a numerical weather forecast model. The cloud-radiation differences between the experimental (EXP) and control (CTL) experiments responded to the aerosol differences. The strong positive precipitation biases over North America and Europe from the CTL run were significantly reduced in the EXP run. This study shows that a realistic representation of aerosol emissions should be considered.
Giancarlo Ciarelli, Sara Tahvonen, Arineh Cholakian, Manuel Bettineschi, Bruno Vitali, Tuukka Petäjä, and Federico Bianchi
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 545–565, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-545-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-545-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The terrestrial ecosystem releases large quantities of biogenic gases in the Earth's Atmosphere. These gases can effectively be converted into so-called biogenic aerosol particles and, eventually, affect the Earth's climate. Climate prediction varies greatly depending on how these processes are represented in model simulations. In this study, we present a detailed model evaluation analysis aimed at understanding the main source of uncertainty in predicting the formation of biogenic aerosols.
Jiachen Liu, Eric Chen, and Shannon L. Capps
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 567–585, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-567-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-567-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Air pollution harms human life and ecosystems, but its sources are complex. Scientists and policy makers use air pollution models to advance knowledge and inform control strategies. We implemented a recently developed numeral system to relate any set of model inputs, like pollutant emissions from a given activity, to all model outputs, like concentrations of pollutants harming human health. This approach will be straightforward to update when scientists discover new processes in the atmosphere.
Kun Zheng, Qiya Tan, Huihua Ruan, Jinbiao Zhang, Cong Luo, Siyu Tang, Yunlei Yi, Yugang Tian, and Jianmei Cheng
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 399–413, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-399-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-399-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Radar echo extrapolation is the common method in precipitation nowcasting. Deep learning has potential in extrapolation. However, the existing models have low prediction accuracy for heavy rainfall. In this study, the prediction accuracy is improved by suppressing the blurring effect of rain distribution and reducing the negative bias. The results show that our model has better performance, which is useful for urban operation and flood prevention.
Li Pan, Partha S. Bhattacharjee, Li Zhang, Raffaele Montuoro, Barry Baker, Jeff McQueen, Georg A. Grell, Stuart A. McKeen, Shobha Kondragunta, Xiaoyang Zhang, Gregory J. Frost, Fanglin Yang, and Ivanka Stajner
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 431–447, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-431-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-431-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A GEFS-Aerosols simulation was conducted from 1 September 2019 to 30 September 2020 to evaluate the model performance of GEFS-Aerosols. The purpose of this study was to understand how aerosol chemical and physical processes affect ambient aerosol concentrations by placing aerosol wet deposition, dry deposition, reactions, gravitational deposition, and emissions into the aerosol mass balance equation.
Sean Raffuse, Susan O'Neill, and Rebecca Schmidt
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 381–397, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-381-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-381-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Large wildfires are increasing throughout the western United States, and wildfire smoke is hazardous to public health. We developed a suite of tools called rapidfire for estimating particle pollution during wildfires using routinely available data sets. rapidfire uses official air monitoring, satellite data, meteorology, smoke modeling, and low-cost sensors. Estimates from rapidfire compare well with ground monitors and are being used in public health studies across California.
Manuel F. Schmid, Marco G. Giometto, Gregory A. Lawrence, and Marc B. Parlange
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 321–333, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-321-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-321-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Turbulence-resolving flow models have strict performance requirements, as simulations often run for weeks using hundreds of processes. Many flow scenarios also require the flexibility to modify physical and numerical models for problem-specific requirements. With a new code written in Julia we hope to make such adaptations easier without compromising on performance. In this paper we discuss the modeling approach and present validation and performance results.
Marie-Noëlle Bouin, Cindy Lebeaupin Brossier, Sylvie Malardel, Aurore Voldoire, and César Sauvage
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 117–141, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In numerical models, the turbulent exchanges of heat and momentum at the air–sea interface are not represented explicitly but with parameterisations depending on the surface parameters. A new parameterisation of turbulent fluxes (WASP) has been implemented in the surface model SURFEX v8.1 and validated on four case studies. It combines a close fit to observations including cyclonic winds, a dependency on the wave growth rate, and the possibility of being used in atmosphere–wave coupled models.
Michal Belda, Nina Benešová, Jaroslav Resler, Peter Huszár, Ondřej Vlček, Pavel Krč, Jan Karlický, Pavel Juruš, and Kryštof Eben
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2740, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2740, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For modeling atmospheric chemistry, it is necessary to provide data on emissions of pollutants. These can come from various sources and in various forms and preprocessing of the data to be ingestible by chemistry models can be quite challenging. We developed the FUME processor to use a database layer that internally transforms all input data into a rigid structure facilitating further processing to allow emission processing from continental to street scale.
Zehua Bai, Qizhong Wu, Kai Cao, Yiming Sun, and Huaqiong Cheng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2962, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2962, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
There are relatively limited researches on the application of scientific computing on RISC CPU platforms. The MIPS architecture CPUs, a type of RISC CPU, have distinct advantages in energy efficiency and scalability. In this study, the air quality modeling system can run stably on MIPS CPU platform, and the experiment results verify the stability of scientific computing on the platform. The work provides a technical foundation for the scientific application based on MIPS CPU platforms.
Lukas Fehr, Chris McLinden, Debora Griffin, Daniel Zawada, Doug Degenstein, and Adam Bourassa
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 7491–7507, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7491-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7491-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work highlights upgrades to SASKTRAN, a model that simulates sunlight interacting with the atmosphere to help measure trace gases. The upgrades were verified by detailed comparisons between different numerical methods. A case study was performed using SASKTRAN’s multidimensional capabilities, which found that ignoring horizontal variation in the atmosphere (a common practice in the field) can introduce non-negligible errors where there is snow or high pollution.
Sylvain Mailler, Romain Pennel, Laurent Menut, and Arineh Cholakian
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 7509–7526, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7509-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7509-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We show that a new advection scheme named PPM + W (piecewise parabolic method + Walcek) offers geoscientific modellers an alternative, high-performance scheme designed for Cartesian-grid advection, with improved performance over the classical PPM scheme. The computational cost of PPM + W is not higher than that of PPM. With improved accuracy and controlled computational cost, this new scheme may find applications in chemistry-transport models, ocean models or atmospheric circulation models.
David R. Shaw, Toby J. Carter, Helen L. Davies, Ellen Harding-Smith, Elliott C. Crocker, Georgia Beel, Zixu Wang, and Nicola Carslaw
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 7411–7431, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7411-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7411-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Exposure to air pollution is one of the greatest risks to human health, and it is indoors, where we spend upwards of 90 % of our time, that our exposure is greatest. The INdoor CHEMical model in Python (INCHEM-Py) is a new, community-led box model that tracks the evolution and fate of atmospheric chemical pollutants indoors. We have shown the processes simulated by INCHEM-Py, its ability to model experimental data and how it may be used to develop further understanding of indoor air chemistry.
Willem E. van Caspel, David Simpson, Jan Eiof Jonson, Anna M. K. Benedictow, Yao Ge, Alcide di Sarra, Giandomenico Pace, Massimo Vieno, Hannah L. Walker, and Mathew R. Heal
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 7433–7459, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7433-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7433-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Radiation coming from the sun is essential to atmospheric chemistry, driving the breakup, or photodissociation, of atmospheric molecules. This in turn affects the chemical composition and reactivity of the atmosphere. The representation of photodissociation effects is therefore essential in atmospheric chemistry modeling. One such model is the EMEP MSC-W model, for which a new way of calculating the photodissociation rates is tested and evaluated in this paper.
Jungmin Lee, Walter M. Hannah, and David C. Bader
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 7275–7287, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7275-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7275-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Representing accurate land–atmosphere interaction processes is overlooked in weather and climate models. In this study, we propose three methods to represent land–atmosphere coupling in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) with the Multi-scale Modeling Framework (MMF) approach. In this study, we introduce spatially homogeneous and heterogeneous land–atmosphere interaction processes within the cloud-resolving model domain. Our 5-year simulations reveal only small differences.
Laurent Menut, Bertrand Bessagnet, Arineh Cholakian, Guillaume Siour, Sylvain Mailler, and Romain Pennel
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-209, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-209, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
This study is about the modelling of the atmospheric composition in Europe and during the summer 2022, when massive wildfires were observed. It is a sensitivity study dedicated to the relative impact of two modelling processes able to modify the meteorology used for the calculation of the atmospheric chemistry and transport of pollutants.
Rohith Muraleedharan Thundathil, Florian Zus, Galina Dick, and Jens Wickert
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-202, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-202, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
Global Navigation Satellite Systems provide moisture observations through its densely distributed ground station network. In this research, we assimilated a new type of observation called tropospheric gradient observations, which was never incorporated into a weather model. Here, we have developed a forward operator for gradient observations and performed impact studies. Promising improvements were observed in the humidity fields of the model in the assimilation study.
Liangke Huang, Shengwei Lan, Ge Zhu, Fade Chen, Junyu Li, and Lilong Liu
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 7223–7235, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7223-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7223-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The existing zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) models have limitations such as using a single fitting function, neglecting daily cycle variations, and relying on only one resolution grid data point for modeling. This model considers the daily cycle variation and latitude factor of ZTD, using the sliding window algorithm based on ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis data. The ZTD data from 545 radiosonde stations and MERRA-2 atmospheric reanalysis data are used to validate the accuracy of the GGZTD-P model.
Jonathan J. Guerrette, Zhiquan Liu, Chris Snyder, Byoung-Joo Jung, Craig S. Schwartz, Junmei Ban, Steven Vahl, Yali Wu, Ivette Hernández Baños, Yonggang G. Yu, Soyoung Ha, Yannick Trémolet, Thomas Auligné, Clementine Gas, Benjamin Ménétrier, Anna Shlyaeva, Mark Miesch, Stephen Herbener, Emily Liu, Daniel Holdaway, and Benjamin T. Johnson
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 7123–7142, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7123-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7123-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We demonstrate an ensemble of variational data assimilations (EDA) with the Model for Prediction Across Scales and the Joint Effort for Data assimilation Integration (JEDI) software framework. When compared to 20-member ensemble forecasts from operational initial conditions, those from 80-member EDA-generated initial conditions improve flow-dependent error covariances and subsequent 10 d forecasts. These experiments are repeatable for any atmospheric model with a JEDI interface.
Junyu Li, Yuxin Wang, Lilong Liu, Yibin Yao, Liangke Hang, and Feijuan Li
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-201, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-201, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we have developed a model (RF-PWV) to characterize PWV variation with altitude in the study area. The RF-PWV can significantly reduce errors in vertical correction, enhance PWV fusion product accuracy, and provide insights into PWV vertical distribution, thereby contributing to climate research.
Minjie Zheng, Hongyu Liu, Florian Adolphi, Raimund Muscheler, Zhengyao Lu, Mousong Wu, and Nønne L. Prisle
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 7037–7057, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7037-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7037-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The radionuclides 7Be and 10Be are useful tracers for atmospheric transport studies. Here we use the GEOS-Chem to simulate 7Be and 10Be with different production rates: the default production rate in GEOS-Chem and two from the state-of-the-art beryllium production model. We demonstrate that reduced uncertainties in the production rates can enhance the utility of 7Be and 10Be as tracers for evaluating transport and scavenging processes in global models.
Wenxing Jia, Xiaoye Zhang, Hong Wang, Yaqiang Wang, Deying Wang, Junting Zhong, Wenjie Zhang, Lei Zhang, Lifeng Guo, Yadong Lei, Jizhi Wang, Yuanqin Yang, and Yi Lin
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6833–6856, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6833-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6833-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In addition to the dominant role of the PBL scheme on the results of the meteorological field, many factors in the model are influenced by large uncertainties. This study focuses on the uncertainties that influence numerical simulation results (including horizontal resolution, vertical resolution, near-surface scheme, initial and boundary conditions, underlying surface update, and update of model version), hoping to provide a reference for scholars conducting research on the model.
Owen K. Hughes and Christiane Jablonowski
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6805–6831, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6805-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6805-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric models benefit from idealized tests that assess their accuracy in a simpler simulation. A new test with artificial mountains is developed for models on a spherical earth. The mountains trigger the development of both planetary-scale and small-scale waves. These can be analyzed in dry or moist environments, with a simple rainfall mechanism. Four atmospheric models are intercompared. This sheds light on the pros and cons of the model design and the impact of mountains on the flow.
Zhongwei Luo, Yan Han, Kun Hua, Yufen Zhang, Jianhui Wu, Xiaohui Bi, Qili Dai, Baoshuang Liu, Yang Chen, Xin Long, and Yinchang Feng
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6757–6771, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6757-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6757-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how the variation in the source profiles adopted in chemical transport models (CTMs) impacts the simulated results of chemical components in PM2.5 based on sensitivity analysis. The impact on PM2.5 components cannot be ignored, and its influence can be transmitted and linked between components. The representativeness and timeliness of the source profile should be paid adequate attention in air quality simulation.
Ulrich Voggenberger, Leopold Haimberger, Federico Ambrogi, and Paul Poli
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-215, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-215, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents a method for calculating balloon drift from historical radiosonde ascent data. This drift can reach distances of several hundred kilometres and is often neglected. Verification shows the beneficial impact of the more accurate balloon position on model assimilation. The method is not limited to radiosondes, but would also work for drop sondes, ozone sondes, or any other in-situ sonde carried by the wind in the pre-GNSS era, provided the necessary information is available.
Jelena Radovic, Michal Belda, Jaroslav Resler, Kryštof Eben, Martin Bureš, Jan Geletič, Pavel Krč, Hynek Řezníček, and Vladimír Fuka
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-197, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-197, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
The initial and boundary conditions are of crucial importance for numerical model (e.g., PALM model) validation studies and have a large influence on the model results especially in the case of studying the atmosphere of a real, complex, and densely built urban environments. Our experiments with different driving conditions for the LES model PALM show its strong dependency on them which is important for the proper separation of errors coming from the boundary conditions and the model itself.
Jan Clemens, Lars Hoffmann, Bärbel Vogel, Sabine Grießbach, and Nicole Thomas
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-214, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-214, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
Lagrangian transport models simulate the transport of air masses in the atmosphere. For example, one model (CLaMS), is well suited for calculating transport, as it uses a special coordinate system and special vertical wind. However, it only runs inefficiently on modern supercomputers. Hence, we have implemented the benefits of CLaMS into a new model (MPTRAC), which is already highly efficient on modern supercomputers. Finally, in extensive tests, we showed that CLaMS and MPTRAC agree very well.
Cited articles
Aaboe, S., Breivik, L.-A., Sørensen, A., Eastwood, S., and Lavergne, T.:
Product User Manual for Global Sea Ice Edge and Type, Tech. rep., Norwegian
Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway, 2017. a
Andersen, S., Breivik, L.-A., Eastwood, S., Godøy, Ø., Lavergne, T.,
Lind, M., Porcires, M., Schyberg, H., and Tonboe, R.: Sea Ice Product Manual,
Tech. rep.,
available at:
http://osisaf.met.no/docs/osisaf_ss2_pum_ice-conc-edge-type_v3p8.pdf
(last access: 15 August 2018),
2012. a
Atlaskin, E. and Vihma, T.: Evaluation of NWP results for wintertime
nocturnal boundary-layer temperatures over Europe and Finland, Q.
J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 138, 1440–1451,
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.1885,
2012. a
Bailey, E., Feltham, D. L., and Sammonds, P. R.: A model for the consolidation
of rafted sea ice, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 115, c04015,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JC005103,
2010. a
Bengtsson, L., Andrae, U., Aspelien, T., Batrak, Y., Calvo, J., de Rooy, W.,
Gleeson, E., Hansen-Sass, B., Homleid, M., Hortal, M., Ivarsson, K.-I.,
Lenderink, G., Niemelä, S., Nielsen, K. P., Onvlee, J., Rontu, L.,
Samuelsson, P., Muñoz, D. S., Subias, A., Tijm, S., Toll, V., Yang, X.,
and Køltzow, M. Ø.: The HARMONIE–AROME Model Configuration in the
ALADIN–HIRLAM NWP System, Mon. Weather Rev., 145, 1919–1935,
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-16-0417.1,
2017. a, b, c
Best, M. J., Beljaars, A., Polcher, J., and Viterbo, P.: A Proposed Structure
for Coupling Tiled Surfaces with the Planetary Boundary Layer, J.
Hydrometeorol., 5, 1271–1278, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-382.1,
2004. a
Blockley, E. W., Martin, M. J., McLaren, A. J., Ryan, A. G., Waters, J., Lea,
D. J., Mirouze, I., Peterson, K. A., Sellar, A., and Storkey, D.: Recent
development of the Met Office operational ocean forecasting system: an
overview and assessment of the new Global FOAM forecasts, Geosci. Model Dev.,
7, 2613–2638, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2613-2014, 2014. a
Boone, A. and Etchevers, P.: An Intercomparison of Three Snow Schemes of
Varying Complexity Coupled to the Same Land Surface Model: Local-Scale
Evaluation at an Alpine Site, J. Hydrometeorol., 2, 374–394,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2001)002<0374:AIOTSS>2.0.CO;2,
2001. a, b
Brassington, G. B., Martin, M. G., Tolman, H. L., Akella, S., Balmeseda, M.,
Chambers, C. R. S., Chassignet, E., Cummings, J. A., Drillet, Y., Jansen, P.
A. E. M., Laloyaux, P., Lea, D., Mehra, A., Mirouze, I., Ritchie, H., Samson,
G., Sandery, P. A., Smith, G. C., Suarez, M., and Todling, R.: Progress and
challenges in short- to medium-range coupled prediction, J.
Oper. Oceanogr., 8, 239–258, https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2015.1049875,
2015. a
Breivik, L.-A., Eastwood, S., Godøy, Ø., Schyberg, H., Andersen, S., and
Tonboe, R.: Sea ice products for EUMETSAT satellite application facility,
Can. J. Remote Sens., 27, 403–410,
https://doi.org/10.1080/07038992.2001.10854883, 2001. a
Businger, J. A., Wyngaard, J. C., Izumi, Y., and Bradley, E. F.: Flux-Profile
Relationships in the Atmospheric Surface Layer, J. Atmos.
Sci., 28, 181–189,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1971)028<0181:FPRITA>2.0.CO;2,
1971. a
Cheng, B., Zhang, Z., Vihma, T., Johansson, M., Bian, L., Li, Z., and Wu, H.:
Model experiments on snow and ice thermodynamics in the Arctic Ocean with
CHINARE 2003 data, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 113, c09020,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004654,
2008. a
Donlon, C. J., Martin, M., Stark, J., Roberts-Jones, J., Fiedler, E., and
Wimmer, W.: The Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis
(OSTIA) system, Remote Sens. Environ., 116, 140–158,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.10.017, 2012. a, b, c
Dupont, F., Higginson, S., Bourdallé-Badie, R., Lu, Y., Roy, F., Smith, G.
C., Lemieux, J.-F., Garric, G., and Davidson, F.: A high-resolution ocean and
sea-ice modelling system for the Arctic and North Atlantic oceans, Geosci.
Model Dev., 8, 1577–1594, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1577-2015, 2015. a
ECMWF: PART V: ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEM, IFS Documentation, ECMWF,
2017b. a
Elvidge, A. D., Renfrew, I. A., Weiss, A. I., Brooks, I. M., Lachlan-Cope, T.
A., and King, J. C.: Observations of surface momentum exchange over the
marginal ice zone and recommendations for its parametrisation, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 16, 1545–1563, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1545-2016, 2016. a
Faroux, S., Kaptué Tchuenté, A. T., Roujean, J.-L., Masson, V., Martin,
E., and Le Moigne, P.: ECOCLIMAP-II/Europe: a twofold database of ecosystems
and surface parameters at 1 km resolution based on satellite information for
use in land surface, meteorological and climate models, Geosci. Model Dev.,
6, 563–582, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-563-2013, 2013. a
Feltham, D. L., Untersteiner, N., Wettlaufer, J. S., and Worster, M. G.: Sea
ice is a mushy layer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L14501,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026290,
2006. a, b
Hall, D. K. and Riggs, G.: MODIS/Terra Sea Ice Extent 5-Min L2 Swath 1km,
Version 6. Boulder, Colorado USA, NASA National Snow and Ice
Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center,
https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD29.006, 2015. a
Hall, D. K., Key, J. R., Casey, K. A., Riggs, G. A., and Cavalieri, D. J.: Sea
ice surface temperature product from MODIS, IEEE T.
Geosci. Remote, 42, 1076–1087,
https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2004.825587, 2004. a
Hewitt, H. T., Copsey, D., Culverwell, I. D., Harris, C. M., Hill, R. S. R.,
Keen, A. B., McLaren, A. J., and Hunke, E. C.: Design and implementation of
the infrastructure of HadGEM3: the next-generation Met Office climate
modelling system, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 223–253,
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-223-2011, 2011. a
Hunke, E. C., Lipscomb, W. H., Turner, A. K., Jeffery, N., and Elliott, S.:
CICE: the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model Documentation and Software User's
Manual, Tech. rep., Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545,
2015. a
Karbou, F., Rabier, F., and Prigent, C.: The Assimilation of Observations from
the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit over Sea Ice in the French Global
Numerical Weather Prediction System, Mon. Weather Rev., 142, 125–140,
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-13-00025.1,
2014. a
Launiainen, J. and Cheng, B.: Modelling of ice thermodynamics in natural water
bodies, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 27, 153–178,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-232X(98)00009-3,
1998. a
Lea, D. J., Mirouze, I., Martin, M. G., King, R. R., Hines, A., Walters, D.,
and Thurlow, M.: Assessing a New Coupled Data Assimilation System Based on
the Met Office Coupled Atmosphere-Land-Ocean-Sea Ice Model, Mon.
Weather Rev., 143, 4678–4694, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-15-0174.1, 2015. a
Lüpkes, C., Gryanik, V. M., Hartmann, J., and Andreas, E. L.: A
parametrization, based on sea ice morphology, of the neutral atmospheric drag
coefficients for weather prediction and climate models, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, d13112, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017630,
2012. a, b, c, d
MacLachlan, C., Arribas, A., Peterson, K. A., Maidens, A., Fereday, D., Scaife,
A. A., Gordon, M., Vellinga, M., Williams, A., Comer, R. E., Camp, J.,
Xavier, P., and Madec, G.: Global Seasonal forecast system version 5
(GloSea5): a high-resolution seasonal forecast system, Q. J.
Roy. Meteor. Soc., 141, 1072–1084, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2396,
2015. a
Mahfouf, J.-F., Bergaoui, K., Draper, C., Bouyssel, F., Taillefer, F., and
Taseva, L.: A comparison of two off-line soil analysis schemes for
assimilation of screen level observations, J. Geophys. Res.,
114, D08105, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011077, 2009. a
Masson, V., Le Moigne, P., Martin, E., Faroux, S., Alias, A., Alkama, R.,
Belamari, S., Barbu, A., Boone, A., Bouyssel, F., Brousseau, P., Brun, E.,
Calvet, J.-C., Carrer, D., Decharme, B., Delire, C., Donier, S., Essaouini,
K., Gibelin, A.-L., Giordani, H., Habets, F., Jidane, M., Kerdraon, G.,
Kourzeneva, E., Lafaysse, M., Lafont, S., Lebeaupin Brossier, C., Lemonsu,
A., Mahfouf, J.-F., Marguinaud, P., Mokhtari, M., Morin, S., Pigeon, G.,
Salgado, R., Seity, Y., Taillefer, F., Tanguy, G., Tulet, P., Vincendon, B.,
Vionnet, V., and Voldoire, A.: The SURFEXv7.2 land and ocean surface platform
for coupled or offline simulation of earth surface variables and fluxes,
Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 929–960, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-929-2013,
2013. a
Mélia, D. S.: A global coupled sea ice-ocean model, Ocean Model., 4,
137–172, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1463-5003(01)00015-4,
2002. a
Mironov, D., Ritter, B., Schulz, J.-P., Buchhold, M., Lange, M., and
Machulskaya, E.: Parameterisation of sea and lake ice in numerical weather
prediction models of the German Weather Service, Tellus A, 64, 17330,
https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.17330, 2012. a
Mironow, D. and Ritter, B.: First version of the ice model for the global NWP
system GME of the German weather service, Research activities in
atmospheric and oceanic modelling, Report No. 33, 4.13–4.14, 2003. a
Müller, M., Batrak, Y., Kristiansen, J., Køltzow, M. A. O., Noer, G., and
Korosov, A.: Characteristics of a Convective-Scale Weather Forecasting System
for the European Arctic, Mon. Weather Rev., 145, 4771–4787,
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-17-0194.1,
2017a. a
Müller, M., Homleid, M., Ivarsson, K.-I., Køltzow, M. A. Ø., Lindskog,
M., Midtbø, K. H., Andrae, U., Aspelien, T., Berggren, L., Bjørge, D.,
Dahlgren, P., Kristiansen, J., Randriamampianina, R., Ridal, M., and Vignes,
O.: AROME-MetCoOp: A Nordic Convective-Scale Operational Weather
Prediction Model, Weather Forecast., 32, 609–627,
https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-16-0099.1,
2017b. a
Parkinson, C. L. and Washington, W. M.: A large-scale numerical model of sea
ice, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 84, 311–337,
https://doi.org/10.1029/JC084iC01p00311,
1979. a, b
Pellerin, P., Ritchie, H., Saucier, F. J., Roy, F., Desjardins, S., Valin, M.,
and Lee, V.: Impact of a Two-Way Coupling between an Atmospheric and an
Ocean-Ice Model over the Gulf of St.Lawrence, Mon. Weather Rev.,
132, 1379–1398, 2004. a
Perovich, D. K.: The Optical Properties of Sea Ice, Tech. Rep. Monograph 96-1,
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab (CRREL) Hanover NH, U.S. Army Cold
Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 72 Lyme Road Hanover, New
Hampshire 03755-1290,
available at: http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA310586 (last access: 15 August 2018),
1996. a, b, c
Posey, P. G., Metzger, E. J., Wallcraft, A. J., Hebert, D. A., Allard, R. A.,
Smedstad, O. M., Phelps, M. W., Fetterer, F., Stewart, J. S., Meier, W. N.,
and Helfrich, S. R.: Improving Arctic sea ice edge forecasts by assimilating
high horizontal resolution sea ice concentration data into the US Navy's ice
forecast systems, The Cryosphere, 9, 1735–1745,
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1735-2015, 2015. a, b
Rae, J. G. L., Hewitt, H. T., Keen, A. B., Ridley, J. K., West, A. E.,
Harris, C. M., Hunke, E. C., and Walters, D. N.: Development of the Global
Sea Ice 6.0 CICE configuration for the Met Office Global Coupled model,
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 2221–2230, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2221-2015,
2015. a
Roeckner, E., Arpe, K., Bengtsson, L., Christoph, M., Claussen, M.,
Dümenil,
L., Esch, M., Giorgetta, M., Schlese, U., and Schulzweida, U.: Simulation of
the present-day climate with the ECHAM model: Impact of model physics and
resolution, Tech. Rep. MPI-Report No. 93, Max Planck Institute for
Meteorology, Bundesstrasse 55 D-2000 Hamburg 13 F.R. Germany,
available at: http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/fileadmin/publikationen/Reports/MPI-Report_93.pdf (last access: 15 August 2018),
1992. a, b, c, d
Sakatume, S. and Seki, N.: On the Thermal Properties of Ice and Snow in a Low
Temperature Region, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical
Engineers, 44, 2059–2069, https://doi.org/10.1299/kikai1938.44.2059, 1978. a, b
Sakov, P., Counillon, F., Bertino, L., Lisæter, K. A., Oke, P. R., and
Korablev, A.: TOPAZ4: an ocean-sea ice data assimilation system for the North
Atlantic and Arctic, Ocean Sci., 8, 633–656,
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-8-633-2012, 2012. a, b
Saloranta, T. M.: Modeling the evolution of snow, snow ice and ice in the
Baltic Sea, Tellus A, 52, 93–108, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0870.2000.520107.x,
2000. a
Schwerdtfecer, P.: The Thermal Properties of Sea Ice, J. Glaciol., 4,
789–807, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022143000028379, 1963. a, b
Seity, Y., Brousseau, P., Malardel, S., Hello, G., Bénard, P., Bouttier,
F.,
and Masson, V.: The AROME-France convective-scale operational model,
Mon. Weather Rev., 139, 976–991, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010MWR3425.1, 2011. a
Semmler, T., Cheng, B., Yang, Y., and Rontu, L.: Snow and ice on Bear Lake
(Alaska) – sensitivity experiments with two lake ice models, Tellus A, 64, 17339,
https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.17339,
2012. a
Slater, A. G., Schlosser, C. A., Desborough, C. E., Pitman, A. J.,
Hendersson-Sellers, A., Robock, A., Vinnikov, K. Y., Mitchell, K., Boone, A.,
Braden, H., Chen, F., Cox, P. M., de Rosnay, P., Dickinson, R. E., Dai,
Y.-J., Duan, Q., Entin, J., Etchevers, P., Gedney, N., Gusev, Y. M., Habets,
F., Kim, J., Koren, V., Kowalchyk, E. A., Nasonova, O. N., Noilhan, J.,
Schaake, S., Shmakin, A. B., Smirnova, T. G., Verseghy, D., Wetzel, P., Xue,
Y., Yang, Z.-L., and Zeng, Q.: The Representation of Snow in Land Surface
Schemes: Results from PILPS 2(d), J. Hydrometeorol., 2, 7–25,
2001. a
Stark, J., Donlon, C., Martin, M., and McCulloch, M.: OSTIA : An operational,
high resolution, real time, global sea surface temperature analysis system,
in: OCEANS 2007 – Europe, 1–4, https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSE.2007.4302251, 2007. a, b, c
Thomas, L. H.: Elliptic problems in linear difference equations over a
network, Tech. rep., Columbia University, 1949. a
Tilling, R. L., Ridout, A., and Shepherd, A.: Near-real-time Arctic sea ice
thickness and volume from CryoSat-2, The Cryosphere, 10, 2003–2012,
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2003-2016, 2016. a
Tsamados, M., Feltham, D. L., Schroeder, D., Flocco, D., Farrell, S. L., Kurtz,
N., Laxon, S. W., and Backon, S.: Impact of Variable Atmospheric and Oceanic
Form Drag on Simulations of Arctic Sea Ice, J. Phys.
Oceanogr., 44, 1329–1353, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-13-0215.1, 2014. a
Tschudi, M., Riggs, G., Hall, D. K., and Román, M. O.: VIIRS/NPP Ice
Surface Temperature 6-Min L2 Swath 750m, Version 1. NASA National
Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center,
https://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VNP30.001, 2017. a
Unden, P., Rontu, L., Järvinen, H., Lynch, P., Calvo, J., Cats, G., Cuxart,
J., Eerola, K., Fortelius, C., Garcia-Moya, J. A., Jones, C., Geert,
Lenderlink, G., Mcdonald, A., Mcgrath, R., Navascues, B., Nielsen, N. W.,
Degaard, V., Rodriguez, E., Rummukainen, M., Sattler, K., Sass, B. H.,
Savijarvi, H., Schreur, B. W., Sigg, R., and The, H.: HIRLAM-5 Scientific
Documentation, HIRLAM-5 Project rep., SMHI, Norrköping, Sweden, 2002. a, b
Walters, D., Boutle, I., Brooks, M., Melvin, T., Stratton, R., Vosper, S.,
Wells, H., Williams, K., Wood, N., Allen, T., Bushell, A., Copsey, D.,
Earnshaw, P., Edwards, J., Gross, M., Hardiman, S., Harris, C., Heming, J.,
Klingaman, N., Levine, R., Manners, J., Martin, G., Milton, S., Mittermaier,
M., Morcrette, C., Riddick, T., Roberts, M., Sanchez, C., Selwood, P.,
Stirling, A., Smith, C., Suri, D., Tennant, W., Vidale, P. L., Wilkinson, J.,
Willett, M., Woolnough, S., and Xavier, P.: The Met Office Unified Model
Global Atmosphere 6.0/6.1 and JULES Global Land 6.0/6.1 configurations,
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 1487–1520, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1487-2017,
2017. a
Xie, J., Bertino, L., Counillon, F., Lisæter, K. A., and Sakov, P.:
Quality assessment of the TOPAZ4 reanalysis in the Arctic over the period
1991–2013, Ocean Sci., 13, 123–144, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-123-2017,
2017. a, b
Short summary
The authors discuss the implementation and performance of a simple one-dimensional sea ice scheme within the ALADIN–HIRLAM numerical weather prediction system. This scheme is developed to replace the prescribed sea ice surface temperature that was used before. Numerical experiments over the large ice-covered areas of the European Arctic show that new scheme helps to improve the modelled 2 m temperature in regions that are influenced by sea ice, especially when the forecast is longer than 12 h.
The authors discuss the implementation and performance of a simple one-dimensional sea ice...
