Articles | Volume 8, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2611-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2611-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Model description paper
| 
24 Aug 2015
Model description paper |
| 24 Aug 2015
MEMLS3&a: Microwave Emission Model of Layered Snowpacks adapted to include backscattering
WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland
Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
C. Mätzler
GAMMA Remote Sensing Research and Consulting AG, Worbstrasse 225, 3073 Gümlingen, Switzerland
Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
A. Wiesmann
GAMMA Remote Sensing Research and Consulting AG, Worbstrasse 225, 3073 Gümlingen, Switzerland
J. Lemmetyinen
Arctic Research Center, Finnish Meteorological Institute FMI, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
M. Schwank
GAMMA Remote Sensing Research and Consulting AG, Worbstrasse 225, 3073 Gümlingen, Switzerland
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland
M. Schneebeli
WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland
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Cited
36 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Wideband Backscattering From Alpine Snow Cover: A Full-Season Study R. Naderpour et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2021.3112772
- Solving Challenges of Assimilating Microwave Remote Sensing Signatures With a Physical Model to Estimate Snow Water Equivalent I. Merkouriadi et al. 10.1029/2021WR030119
- Satellite-derived dry-snow line as an indicator of the local climate on the Antarctic Peninsula C. Zhou et al. 10.1017/jog.2021.72
- Using Artificial Neural Networks to Couple Satellite C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry and Alpine3D Numerical Model for the Estimation of Snow Cover Extent, Height, and Density G. Palermo et al. 10.1109/JSTARS.2023.3253804
- Evaluating Multispectral Snowpack Reflectivity With Changing Snow Correlation Lengths D. Kang et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2600958
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- Mapping Radar Glacier Zones and Dry Snow Line in the Antarctic Peninsula Using Sentinel-1 Images C. Zhou & L. Zheng 10.3390/rs9111171
- Review article: Global monitoring of snow water equivalent using high-frequency radar remote sensing L. Tsang et al. 10.5194/tc-16-3531-2022
- SMRT: an active–passive microwave radiative transfer model for snow with multiple microstructure and scattering formulations (v1.0) G. Picard et al. 10.5194/gmd-11-2763-2018
- Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Antarctic Ice Sheet: Retrieval of Firn Properties Near the Concordia Station R. Kar & M. Aksoy 10.1109/LGRS.2023.3343594
- A Comprehensive Emission Model for Layered Irregular and Inhomogeneous Medium D. Bai et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2023.3249793
- The influence of snow microstructure on dual-frequency radar measurements in a tundra environment J. King et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2018.05.028
- Evaluation of the Effective Microstructure Parameter of the Microwave Emission Model of Layered Snowpack for Multiple-Layer Snow Y. Yu et al. 10.3390/rs13102012
- Microwave polarization characteristics of snow at 6.9 and 18.7 GHz: Estimating the water content of the snow layers C. Varotsos et al. 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2018.12.041
- Evaluation of Sub-Kilometric Numerical Simulations of C-Band Radar Backscatter over the French Alps against Sentinel-1 Observations G. Veyssière et al. 10.3390/rs11010008
- Antarctic Firn Characterization via Wideband Microwave Radiometry R. Kar et al. 10.3390/rs14092258
- Multifrequency Microwave Backscatter From a Highly Saline Snow Cover on Smooth First-Year Sea Ice: First-Order Theoretical Modeling V. Nandan et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2638323
- Wintertime Cooling of the Arctic TOA by Low‐Level Clouds X. Li et al. 10.1029/2023GL104869
- Snow Water Equivalent Retrieval Using Active and Passive Microwave Observations J. Zhu et al. 10.1029/2020WR027563
- Retrieval of Effective Correlation Length and Snow Water Equivalent from Radar and Passive Microwave Measurements J. Lemmetyinen et al. 10.3390/rs10020170
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- Retrieval of Snow Depth on Arctic Sea Ice from the FY3B/MWRI L. Li et al. 10.3390/rs13081457
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- Evaluation of stereology for snow microstructure measurement and microwave emission modeling: a case study J. Pan et al. 10.1080/17538947.2021.1902006
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- Weather-Dependent Nonlinear Microwave Behavior of Seasonal High-Elevation Snowpacks Y. Cao & A. Barros 10.3390/rs12203422
- European In-Situ Snow Measurements: Practices and Purposes R. Pirazzini et al. 10.3390/s18072016
- A method for automated snow avalanche debris detection through use of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging H. Vickers et al. 10.1002/2016EA000168
- Comparison of a coupled snow thermodynamic and radiative transfer model with in situ active microwave signatures of snow-covered smooth first-year sea ice M. Fuller et al. 10.5194/tc-9-2149-2015
- Active Microwave Scattering Signature of Snowpack—Continuous Multiyear SnowScat Observation Experiments C. Lin et al. 10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2560168
- Considerations for Ku-Band Radar Retrieval of Snow Water Equivalent at Mid-Latitude Ontario Agricultural Sites A. Thompson & R. Kelly 10.1080/07038992.2021.1898938
34 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Wideband Backscattering From Alpine Snow Cover: A Full-Season Study R. Naderpour et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2021.3112772
- Solving Challenges of Assimilating Microwave Remote Sensing Signatures With a Physical Model to Estimate Snow Water Equivalent I. Merkouriadi et al. 10.1029/2021WR030119
- Satellite-derived dry-snow line as an indicator of the local climate on the Antarctic Peninsula C. Zhou et al. 10.1017/jog.2021.72
- Using Artificial Neural Networks to Couple Satellite C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry and Alpine3D Numerical Model for the Estimation of Snow Cover Extent, Height, and Density G. Palermo et al. 10.1109/JSTARS.2023.3253804
- Evaluating Multispectral Snowpack Reflectivity With Changing Snow Correlation Lengths D. Kang et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2600958
- Nordic Snow Radar Experiment J. Lemmetyinen et al. 10.5194/gi-5-403-2016
- Relating optical and microwave grain metrics of snow: the relevance of grain shape Q. Krol & H. Löwe 10.5194/tc-10-2847-2016
- Characterization of higher-order scattering from vegetation with SMAP measurements A. Feldman et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2018.10.022
- Mapping Radar Glacier Zones and Dry Snow Line in the Antarctic Peninsula Using Sentinel-1 Images C. Zhou & L. Zheng 10.3390/rs9111171
- Review article: Global monitoring of snow water equivalent using high-frequency radar remote sensing L. Tsang et al. 10.5194/tc-16-3531-2022
- SMRT: an active–passive microwave radiative transfer model for snow with multiple microstructure and scattering formulations (v1.0) G. Picard et al. 10.5194/gmd-11-2763-2018
- Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Antarctic Ice Sheet: Retrieval of Firn Properties Near the Concordia Station R. Kar & M. Aksoy 10.1109/LGRS.2023.3343594
- A Comprehensive Emission Model for Layered Irregular and Inhomogeneous Medium D. Bai et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2023.3249793
- The influence of snow microstructure on dual-frequency radar measurements in a tundra environment J. King et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2018.05.028
- Evaluation of the Effective Microstructure Parameter of the Microwave Emission Model of Layered Snowpack for Multiple-Layer Snow Y. Yu et al. 10.3390/rs13102012
- Microwave polarization characteristics of snow at 6.9 and 18.7 GHz: Estimating the water content of the snow layers C. Varotsos et al. 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2018.12.041
- Evaluation of Sub-Kilometric Numerical Simulations of C-Band Radar Backscatter over the French Alps against Sentinel-1 Observations G. Veyssière et al. 10.3390/rs11010008
- Antarctic Firn Characterization via Wideband Microwave Radiometry R. Kar et al. 10.3390/rs14092258
- Multifrequency Microwave Backscatter From a Highly Saline Snow Cover on Smooth First-Year Sea Ice: First-Order Theoretical Modeling V. Nandan et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2638323
- Wintertime Cooling of the Arctic TOA by Low‐Level Clouds X. Li et al. 10.1029/2023GL104869
- Snow Water Equivalent Retrieval Using Active and Passive Microwave Observations J. Zhu et al. 10.1029/2020WR027563
- Retrieval of Effective Correlation Length and Snow Water Equivalent from Radar and Passive Microwave Measurements J. Lemmetyinen et al. 10.3390/rs10020170
- Use of Sentinel-1 radar observations to evaluate snowmelt dynamics in alpine regions C. Marin et al. 10.5194/tc-14-935-2020
- Retrieval of Snow Depth on Arctic Sea Ice from the FY3B/MWRI L. Li et al. 10.3390/rs13081457
- Topographic controls on active microwave behavior of mountain snowpacks Y. Cao & A. Barros 10.1016/j.rse.2022.113373
- Monitoring snow water equivalent using the phase of RFID signals M. Le Breton et al. 10.5194/tc-17-3137-2023
- Snow water equivalent retrieved from X- and dual Ku-band scatterometer measurements at Sodankylä using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method J. Pan et al. 10.5194/tc-18-1561-2024
- Evaluation of stereology for snow microstructure measurement and microwave emission modeling: a case study J. Pan et al. 10.1080/17538947.2021.1902006
- Bayesian physical–statistical retrieval of snow water equivalent and snow depth from X- and Ku-band synthetic aperture radar – demonstration using airborne SnowSAr in SnowEx'17 S. Singh et al. 10.5194/tc-18-747-2024
- A novel global snow depth retrieval method considering snow metamorphism and forest influence S. Gao et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2023.113712
- Weather-Dependent Nonlinear Microwave Behavior of Seasonal High-Elevation Snowpacks Y. Cao & A. Barros 10.3390/rs12203422
- European In-Situ Snow Measurements: Practices and Purposes R. Pirazzini et al. 10.3390/s18072016
- A method for automated snow avalanche debris detection through use of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging H. Vickers et al. 10.1002/2016EA000168
- Comparison of a coupled snow thermodynamic and radiative transfer model with in situ active microwave signatures of snow-covered smooth first-year sea ice M. Fuller et al. 10.5194/tc-9-2149-2015
2 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Active Microwave Scattering Signature of Snowpack—Continuous Multiyear SnowScat Observation Experiments C. Lin et al. 10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2560168
- Considerations for Ku-Band Radar Retrieval of Snow Water Equivalent at Mid-Latitude Ontario Agricultural Sites A. Thompson & R. Kelly 10.1080/07038992.2021.1898938
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Short summary
The measurement of snow properties on global scale relies on microwave remote sensing data. The interpretation of the data is however challenging. Here we introduce MEMLS3&a, an extension of the snow emission model MEMLS, to include a backscatter model for active microwave remote sensing. In MEMLS3&a, snow input parameters can be derived by objective measurement methods, which avoids fitting the scattering efficiency of snow. The model is validated with combined active and passive measurements.
The measurement of snow properties on global scale relies on microwave remote sensing data. The...
